Dr. Deepa Gupta is a development professional and Doctoral Fellow at the Institute of Rural Management Anand (IRMA), specializing in social behavior change, rural sanitation, livelihoods, and gender-responsive programming. With over 15 years of experience spanning grassroots implementation, program leadership, and academic research, she has worked extensively with national and international organizations, including BRAC International, World Bank-supported projects, and Plan International.
She most recently served as Deputy Director–Immersion and Learning Exchange (ILE) at Bandhan Konnagar, where she led strategic implementation of the Satat Jeevikoparjan Yojana (SJY) in partnership with JEEViKA, supporting over 10,000 ultra-poor households across 62 cluster-level federations. Her leadership focused on building Centres of Excellence, knowledge management, cross-learning, and scaling the Ultra-Poor Graduation Approach in the Global South.
Her doctoral research explores the intersections of social norms, networks, and communication for sanitation behavior in rural India, applying interdisciplinary tools from social marketing and public policy. She has published widely, presented at global conferences, and contributed to policy-relevant knowledge on WASH, cooperative models, and social protection. Dr. Gupta has also managed large-scale development programs, built strategic partnerships, and championed women's leadership and financial and social inclusion in rural economies.
This research investigates the intricate dynamics of household decision-making related to sanitation in rural India, with a specific focus on the influence of social norms and reference networks on both the adoption and usage of sanitation facilities.
· The study aims to distinguish between the buying and consumption behavior of rural households regarding toilet construction and sustained usage.
· Conducted across diverse regions, Bihar, Gujarat, and Telangana, the research engaged over 1,600 households, exploring their attitudes, perceptions, knowledge, and preferences related to sanitation.
· It further assessed both the direct and indirect costs associated with toilet construction and use, offering insights into economic considerations in sanitation behavior.
· The study adopted an interdisciplinary approach, integrating tools and concepts from Social Marketing to analyze sanitation behavior. It explored the impact of Social Behavior Change Communication (SBCC) strategies, focusing on how social networks and prevailing normsinfluence and shape household decisions related to sanitation.
· By identifying and analyzing the key behavioral, social, and physical drivers, the research highlights what motivates households not only to construct toilets but also to ensure their consistent and effective use.
· Employing a mixed-methods approach, the study was carried out in early, intensive, and final phases, combining qualitative and quantitative methodologies to comprehensively explore sanitation practices within rural social contexts.
· The findings and proposed framework provide valuable implications for policy design, program implementation, and communication strategies, offering actionable insights for communication for development (C4D) and governance interventions aimed at improving the socio-economic status of rural communities.
· The research also underscores the importance of addressing gender dynamics within the development sector, emphasizing the need for gender-responsive planning and programming. The active and equitable participation of both women and men in development initiatives significantly enhances service effectiveness, user satisfaction, financial sustainability, and the long-term success of these interventions.
Program Overview: Supported and funded by BRAC International, the program provided technical assistance to the Bihar Rural Livelihoods Promotion Society (BRLPS) to develop immersion sites within Cluster-Level Federations (CLFs) as Centers of Excellence. It focused on the creation and dissemination of knowledge management products to document intervention strategies, key learnings, and best practices. The broader objective was to enable countries across the Global South to effectively plan, collaborate, and scale the Ultra-Poor Graduation Approach, with the goal of enhancing the socio-economic status of ultra-poor households.
· Led the SJY–Immersion and Learning Exchange (ILE) Program at Bandhan Konnagar, assisted and funded by BRAC International.
· As the PMU Lead, effectively coordinated a multidisciplinary team to ensure seamless project implementation in partnership with Bihar Rural Livelihoods Promotion Society (JEEViKA).
· Worked with over 10,000 ultra-poor households across 62 CLFs to establish Centers of Excellence focusing on livelihoods promotion, financial inclusion, convergence, business and financial literacy, social development, and behavior change.
· Strategized the development of Cluster-Level Federations (CLFs) as Centres of Excellence to spearhead the implementation and monitoring of the Satat Jeevikoparjan Yojana (SJY), a Government of Bihar initiative aimed at uplifting ultra-poor households, which played a central role in conceptualizing and operationalizing sustainable, community-led interventions.
· Designed and implemented a comprehensive system-strengthening strategy to ensure the long-term effectiveness and sustainability of immersion sites and knowledge exchange mechanisms. This included the creation of Standard Operating Procedures (SOPs) to standardize program delivery and maintain quality.
· Created high-quality, innovative knowledge products to facilitate learning and adoption of program intervention in the local context.
· Produced high-level reflective and analytical documentation, including strategy papers, learning notes, process evaluations, impact stories, and detailed program reports to capture and disseminate key lessons and innovations.
· Designed customized state-specificImmersion and Learning Exchange Programs for SRLMs and partner agencies from Karnataka, Maharashtra, Tamil Nadu, and Telangana, which are in the nascent stages of adopting the ultra-poor graduation approach (Samaveshi Yojana).
· Facilitated international knowledge exchange, conducting tailored ILE sessions for high-level delegates from Indonesia, South Africa, the Philippines, Ethiopia, and Rwanda. Oversaw all aspects of program rollouts, immersion visits, monitoring, reporting, and follow-ups.
· Established strong networks with national and international partners, including PRADAN, Access Development Services, CRISP, Aga Khan Foundation, the World Bank, FinMark Trust, and First Consult, enhancing program outreach and adaptability.
· Built and nurtured partnerships with global stakeholders, ensuring seamless coordination for knowledge sharing and dissemination of best practices to scale the graduation model across the Global South.
· Participated in international learning exchange visits to Bangladesh, gaining firsthand insights into BRAC International’s Ultra-Poor Graduation and Skill Development models in rural and urban contexts.
· Managed team performance and development, including recruitment, training, supervision, coaching, and evaluation. Prioritized continuous skill development to enhance project outcomes and learning quality.
· Ensured effective financial planning and resource utilization, aligning activities with allocated budgets. Developed operational policies to improve implementation efficiency and effectiveness.
· Led capacity-building efforts, conducting interactive workshops to raise awareness on gender-sensitive practices, including the Prevention of Sexual Harassment (POSH) at the workplace. Ensured respectful, safe, and inclusive engagement with rural communities.
· Conducted market study to explore sustainable livelihood models for socio-economic inclusion of rural communities.
· Regularly engaged stakeholders through updates in coordination meetings to review progress and adapt strategies.
· Focused on core technical components such as coaching and capacity building, MIS-based reviews, peer learning, group dynamics, ultra-poor targeting, grant-to-credit models, market linkages, stakeholder management, access to entitlements, and scaling strategies.
· Developed and widely disseminated engaging learning materials, including program guides, impact stories of SJY participants, pedagogy documents, the coach’s transformational journey, bookmarks, and postcards to ensure clarity and localization of the ILE program content.
Research Project: "Determinants of Demand for Sanitation in Rural Areas" at the Institute of Rural Management Anand (IRMA), Gujarat, in collaboration with the National Institute of Rural Development and Panchayati Raj (NIRD&PR), Hyderabad.
· Led the research project in close consultation with faculty from IRMA and NIRD&PR, overseeing the entire research lifecycle.
· Conducted the study across 48 villages, strategically selected from both high-performing and low-performing regionsto ensure diverse representation.
· Facilitated the training of field enumerators and closely monitored fieldwork, ensuring high-quality data collection and minimizing response bias.
· Carried out in-depth analysis of qualitative and quantitative data to draw actionable insights and propose evidence-based policy recommendations for the Swachh Bharat Mission (Gramin) in the final report submitted to NIRD&PR.
· Shared research findings through paper and poster presentations at various national and international conferences, contributing to academic and policy discussions.
· Co-authored and published a book titled "Toilet Adoption in Rural India: Social Norms and Behavioural Changes", highlighting the role of social influence in sanitation behavior change.
· Successfully led and facilitated a Women Farmers’ Producer Company with over 1,000 members, aimed at increasing household incomes and improving market access. Members engaged in seed production, vermicomposting, organic farming, bulk procurement, and received support for improved agricultural inputs including modern technology, high-quality seeds, fertilizers, and access to subsidies.
· Established community-managed vocational training centers to provide structured, skill-based courses for local youth, focusing on employment-oriented training.
· Organized district-level job fairs to mobilize and enroll youth, linking them to market-driven employment opportunities.
· Supported post-training placement of candidates in manufacturing and service sectors; conducted post-placement follow-up to assess socio-economic outcomes through regular feedback on working conditions, payments, training quality, and facilities.
· Facilitated the formation of Community Producer Groups through CBOs to promote off-farm and non-farm livelihoods such as embroidery, tailoring, poultry, and dairy.
· Promoted financial and signature literacy among women to enable effective management of Farmer Producer Companies, Producer Groups, and other collective institutions.
· Established linkages between CBOs and formal banking institutions to strengthen financial literacy, encourage behavior change in money management, and improve financial planning and operations.
· Organized workshops, trainings, and conferences in collaboration with government agencies, NGOs, and banking institutions to promote shared understanding of projects and to ensure a comprehensive safety net for the rural poor through convergence and partnerships.
· Oversaw the overall implementation, monitoring, and reviewof state-level programs.
· Coordinated program activities with partner organizations including Nidan, IDF, Adithi, and Nav Jagriti to ensure timely and effective execution.
· Developed a project proposal aimed at enhancing income and diversifying livelihoods for jaggery-producing communities in Saran district.
· Collaboratively designed a financial inclusion and capacity-building program with RGVN for Self-Help Groups (SHGs) in the project region.
· Engaged in liaison and convergence efforts with the State Commission for Protection of Child Rights (SCPCR).
· Led the design, implementation, and monitoring of various state-level programs focused on WASH, early childhood education, child participation, child protection, household income security, and disaster risk management, in partnership with collaborating agencies.
· Planned and facilitated statewide awareness campaigns, including International Girl Child Day, World AIDS Day, and World Health Day.
· Actively participated as a member of the Bihar Inter-Agency Group, contributing to disaster risk reduction and mitigation efforts, particularly during the 2015 earthquake.
· Organized and coordinated monitoring and exposure visits for international delegates, sponsors, and funding partners.
· Successfully managed the Coca-Cola-funded ‘Support My School’ project, focusing on sanitation improvements within the project area.
· Co-authored the State Strategy Paperoutlining the development roadmap for the 2016–2020period.
· Led and managed projects in the Kosi region, exceeding ₹50 crore annually. Managed over 500 community cadres and 100 program staff, ensuring effective grassroots-level program implementation.
· Ensured timely execution of activities, budget utilization, and state-level representation of regional progress.
· Established and operationalized Community-Managed Nutrition Centres (CNCs) with a seed fund of ₹3.3 million, ensuring health and nutritional support for pregnant and lactating women and children under six at the household level.
· Co-designed, implemented, and monitored community-led Food and Health Security Programs to enhance nutrition, health, and access to institutional and market services.
· Enabled Community-Based Organizations (CBOs)to lead, implement, and monitor key public welfare schemes, including the Total Sanitation Campaign (TSC), Public Distribution System (PDS), and NREGA, contributing to household income security.
· Established and managed Balwadisas community education centersfor preschool education (ages 3–6) to support school dropout girls, promoting access to quality rural education.
· Led an impact assessment study titled "Inclusive Growth Analysis of Bihar", and served on various district and state task forces for guideline formulation, proposal development, project reviews, and evaluations.
· Strengthened convergence and liaison with government departments to bring public welfare programs to community doorsteps.
· Built strategic partnerships with international and national NGOs, including Project Concern International, Janani (DKT), BBC Trust, ASHA, PRADAN, and Pratham, to enhance technical support and grassroots program effectiveness.
· Facilitated linkages to social security schemes such as pensions (old age, widow, disabled), health and life insurance (Rashtriya Swasthya Bima, Aam Aadmi Bima Yojana, Janshree Bima Yojna), and housing benefits to strengthen the rural safety net.
· Organized awareness campaigns [such as International Women’s Day, Children’s Day, World AIDS Day, and World Health Day].
· Designed and conducted workshops and capacity-building initiatives for staff and cadres on interventions, government policies, and program guidelines [such as on health, sanitation, menstrual hygiene, education, anti-alcoholism, child marriage prevention, and social security entitlements].
· Biswas, S., De, I., Mudra, G., & Gupta, D. (2024). Toilet Adoption in Rural India: Social Norms and Behavioural Changes. Taylor & Francis.
· Gupta, D., & Nath, P. K. (2024). Why do cooperatives succeed? A comparative analysis of the global south and north. International Journal of Rural Management, 20(1_suppl), S105-S122.
· Gupta. D. and Biswas. S.N. (2020), “Implementation of Swacch Bharat Mission (SBM) in the Rural Areas”, Learning Rural Management- Cases and Caselets (Vol 1, pp. 3-16). ISBN 978-93-89431-09-4, New Delhi, India: Mahatma Gandhi National Council of Rural Education (MGNCRE), Department of Higher Education, Ministry of Human Resource Development, Government of India.
(Under review) Case Study “Efforts to reduce sex trafficking in Nigeria”, Encyclopaedia of Social Marketing, Palgrave McMillan.
· Regional conference by the “Ministry of Women and Child Development”, GOI under the National Mission for the empowerment of Women on “Achieving Convergence for Empowerment of Women” in 2012.
· National Seminar sponsored by University Grants Commission and Conducted by Magadh University on “Household Food Insecurity and Hidden Hunger” in 2012.
· International Seminar sponsored by ICSSR and conducted by Indian Institute of Technology, Guwahati on “Continuities and Discontinuities of Asian Engagement: Borders, Mobility and Identity in Northeast India and Asia”.
· National-level conference on developing the Gender Vulnerability Index by the Ministry of Women and Childin collaboration with Plan International (India Chapter) in 2017.
· Management Development Programme on ‘Project and Financial Management’ conducted by Chandragupt Institute of Management, Patna-Bihar.
· ‘Training of Trainers on Participatory Training' conducted by Sahbhagi Sikshan Sansthan, Lucknow- Uttar Pradesh.
· Management Development Programme on ‘Human Resource and Organizational Development’ conducted by Chandragupt Institute of Management, Patna-Bihar.
· ‘Participatory Approaches for Irrigation Management’ conducted by National Institute of Rural Development, Hyderabad-Andhra Pradesh.
· Graduate Workshop sponsored by IKHR and conducted by Indian Institute of Technology, Guwahati on “Environment and Development: New frontiers of Research on North-East India”.
· National Level Human Development Training Workshop Sponsored by UNDP-GoI and Conducted by the Department of Humanities and Social Sciences at the Indian Institute of Technology, Guwahati, in 2014.
· Introduction to Mechanism Design by Prof. Eric. S. Maskin at Indian Institute of Management, Ahmedabad.
· Participated in a western region workshop for developing a gender vulnerability index in Mumbai conducted by Plan International (India Chapter) in November’2017.
· “Pedagogy of Waterscape for Sustainable Development”, an Interactive workshop on How to bring water into mainstream Education, conducted by the U.S.-India Educational Foundation (USIEF).
2013-2014, Food and Nutrition Security: An Integrated Approach, Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati, Guwahati, Assam, India
2015, Whit(h)er Farming? Saving Crops or Saving Lives, Institute of Rural Management Anand, Anand, Gujarat, India 2016, Case study of Implementation of Swachh Bharat Mission in villages of Bihar, Institute of Rural Management Anand, Anand, Gujarat, India
2018-2019, Determinants of demand of sanitation in rural sanitation, Institute of Rural Management Anand, Anand, Gujarat, India
2015-2023, Sanitation behavior in Rural India: Social Norms, Networks and Communication, Institute of Rural Management Anand, Anand, Gujarat, India
· Member of Editorial Board at Health Marketing Quarterly, Taylor & Francis.
· Invited to guide the post-Graduation participant of the Indian Institute of Foreign Trade (IIFT), Kolkata, for a dissertation titled “Evaluation of Sanitary Marketing Program in Rural India”.
· Invited as a member of evaluation panel for India Innovation Growth Programme 2.0, 2018, an initiative by Lockheed Martin, Department of Science & Technology and Tata Trusts conducted by Centre for Innovation Incubation and Entrepreneurship (CIIE) at Indian Institute of Management, Ahmedabad and evaluated project proposals under the theme “Agriculture and Rural Livelihoods”.
· Member of Editorial Board of Magazine “Manthan”, at the National Institute of Rural Development and Panchayati Raj (NIRD&PR), Hyderabad.
· Vice-President of Alumni Association of National Institute of Rural Development and Panchayati raj, Hyderabad, from 2019 to present.
· Invited as guest speaker for training of ADEOs and CEOs on National Rural Livelihood Mission conducted by State Institute of Rural Development, Raipur, Chhattisgarh.
· Invited as the guest speaker for the virtual workshop on “Swacchata Action Plan 2020-2021” conducted by the Indian Institute of Tourism and Travel Management (IITTM), Gwalior, in collaboration with the Ministry of Tourism, Government of India.
· Invited to moderate the “Revisiting Development Strategies in the era of Global Pandemic” session at National Institute of Rural Development and Panchayati raj, Hyderabad on 5th September’20.
· Subsistence marketplace, Norms, and Networks, Collective action
· Social Behaviour Change Communication (SBCC), Buying and Consuming Behavior, Public Policy, Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs)
· Education, Migration, Women centered interventions, Gender and WASH, Public Health, Women and child development
· Bakul Foundation (supporting initiatives for the orphanage)
· Andh Apang Jan Sanstha (supporting initiatives for the physically challenged children)
I, hereby, declare that the information mentioned above is correct to the best of my knowledge, and I bear the responsibility for the validity of the above-mentioned particulars., 06/05/25