A public health intervention specialist working for developing low cost sustainable solutions and building resilient health systems. I seek to combine my abilities to play the roles of an academician, a public health manager and a public health researcher and use my knowledge and skills in the best possible way for improving the health of people around me.
Senior level position in USAID India's flagship initiative iDEFEAT TB Project, implemented by The Union led consortium which aims to strengthen 600 TB related institutions across the country. Involved in management, administrations, technical guidance and mentoring of 50 staff. Key achievements are
(i) Conceived and technically supported the implementation of Centers of Excellence for DR-TB care program in India with five CoEs as hubs and 100 Nodal DR-TB Centers across the country as spokes. Through the initiative, pulmonary rehabilitation, palliative care are being demonstrated for improving the quality of life of people affected with TB and a residential skill training for TB Thoracic surgery has been rolled out.
(ii) Development of 'Manage TB India' application to help clinicians in designing appropriate regimen for managing TB
(iii) Strengthening State TB Training and Demonstration Centers across the country, through revision of National guidelines for STDCs and building their capacity and establishing systems for adopting the modernized training systems and strengthening program monitoring.
(iv) Technically supported NTEP India for Modernizing its training system through establishing systems for multi lingual, updated, standardized cadre wise courses standardized operations and Training Management and Information System. Through the system already 80 hours of training contents have been created, 10 cadre wise courses have been rolled out and 5000+ staff were trained.
(v) Mobilized 400 Corporates across the country for pledging their commitment towards Ending TB, technically supported in designing and implementation of 120 Corporate funded interventions and mobilizing 4 million USD through Corporate TB Pledge initiative.
(vi) Supported Indian Council of Medical Research to activate and popularize South East Asia Regional Research platform by conducting workshops, developing collaborative proposals and implementing multi-country projects related to TB Prevention and care.
The Lown Scholars Program was established in honor of Dr. Bernard Lown, a world-renowned cardiologist and activist, whose career has advanced public health globally. The Program is designed to create an international cadre of talented health professionals who will use public health tools and strategies to prevent cardiovascular diseases and promote cardiovascular health in developing countries. I received Bernard Lown Scholarship in 2017 and have done a study on 'Effectiveness of a community-based education and peer support led by women self-help group members in improving the control of hypertension: an implementation research in urban slums of Kochi city, Kerala, India.' The study found a drop in 6 mm of Hg in systolic Blood pressure in intervention group over 6 months.
Currently I am involved in mentoring of the new scholars every year.
Involved in generating evidences, framing strategy document and implementation of TB Elimination mission in Indian states, first of its kind in a high burden country. Titled as ‘People’s movement against TB’, the implementation has resulted in a 60% reduction in estimated TB incidence in Union Territory of Lakshadweep and 40 % in Kerala state over 5 years.
During the term, I conceived, developed and supported implementation of:
(1) Low-Cost sustainable solutions for private sector engagement (System for TB Elimination in Private Sector)
(2) Vulnerability based active surveillance for Active Case Finding for TB
(3) District TB Elimination boards and Local Government TB Elimination task forces as an institutional mechanism to ensure multi sectoral accountability
(4) Airborne Infection Control Kits for household prevention of TB
(5) Piloting of programmatic management of TB Infection in India.
(6) National pilot project on WHO recommended Practical Approach to Lung–health (PAL) in India.
(7) Coordinated surveillance during Nipah 2019, India outbreak
(8) Technical support to Government of Kerala in COVID pandemic management which enabled the state to flatten the curve and achieve low case fatality rate (0.3%).
Successfully advocated , developed and technically assisted in implementing "TB Free Cochin" movement- a low cost urban TB control model. This model later paved the way for TB Elimination initiatives in the state.
Conceptualized and developed 'Anti TB stewardship' model in the wide framework of 'Antibiotic stewardship' which was recommended by Lancet Commission on TB Elimination.
Faculty- in- charge for MPH programs and developed curriculum for Executive MPH program.
Facilitator for training 4400 private sector doctors on standards of TB care in India
Established 264 Private sector Peripheral Health Institutions providing free services for TB in partnership with Government
Technical Consultant for National Pilot on WHO recommended Practical Approach to Lung-health- It was piloted in 500,000 population. The project demonstrated a 60% reduction in use of antibiotics at primary health care level. This was later scaled up to entire state.
Investigated risk factors for Hepatitis-b, successfully advocated for Infection Prevention and Control, Generated demand for Infection Prevention and control, Designed Curriculum for practical Infection control training, built capacity for infection prevention and control of public and private sector. Through these interventions a decline of hepatitis B cases in Kollam district was observed. These strategy was later scaled upto the entire state.
Investigated a dozen of major outbreaks of water borne diseases [Hepatitis A, Acute Diarrheal Disease]; Vector Borne diseases [Malaria, Dengue] and Hepatitis B
Mobilized the community and co-ordinated the health system for prevention and containment of outbreaks of communicable diseases [Dengue, Malaria, Hepatitis A, H1N1, Hepatitis B]
Strengthened the communicable disease surveillance system for picking up early warning signals by ensuring 100% private sector involvement
1. Operationalising WHO's MAF-TB Framework - Global TB Program, WHO, Istanbul- 2023 Dec
2. Roll out of newer TB regimens- Global TB Program, WHO, Bangkok-2023 May
3. Clinical Epidemiology- Dept of Epidemiology, Harvard T H Chan School of Public Health, Boston- 2017 July
4. Cardiovascular Health- Dept. of Global Health & Population Medicine, Harvard T H Chan School of Public Health, Boston – 2017 July
5. Basic course in Medical Education Technologies – MCI Nodal centre for Faculty Development- 2017 March
6. Certificate Course on GIS Application in Public Health- Public Health Foundation of India – 2016 March (6 months)
7. Developing a protocol for a Cochrane systematic review- Cochrane South Asia, CMC Vellore – 2016, 8-12th February
8. GIS in Public Health- Public Health Foundation of India
9. Economic basis of Health Care interventions, CMC Vellore- 2011 (30 credits)
10. Clinical Trials, CMC Vellore- 2011 (30 credits)
11. Case Control Study Designs, CMC Vellore- 2011, October 17-22 (30 credits)
12. Principles & Practice of Epidemiology, Department of Community Health, CMC Vellore- 2010, 19-31st July
1. Rakesh PS*, Ambika RB, Mohandas S, Menon JC, Numpelil M, K Vasudevan B, Ved R, Danaei G, Spiegelman D. Effectiveness of a community-based education and peer support led by women's self-help groups in improving the control of hypertension in urban slums of Kerala, India: a cluster randomised controlled pragmatic trial. BMJ Glob Health. 2022 Nov;7(11):e010296. doi: 10.1136/bmjgh-2022-010296. PMID: 36384950; PMCID: PMC9670931.
2. Rakesh PS*, Balakrishnan S, Sunilkumar M, Alexander KG, Vijayan S, Roddawar V, Pramod Kumar PP, Kailash J, Kunoor A, Rajiv M, John A, Ramachandran R. STEPS - a patient centric and low-cost solution to ensure standards of TB care to patients reaching private sector in India. BMC Health Serv Res. 2022 Jan 2;22(1):2. doi: 10.1186/s12913-021-07342-y. PMID: 34974843; PMCID: PMC8720462.
3. PS Rakesh*, Balakrishnan S, Ramachandran R, Nandhan S, Samuel NI, Pp P, Aloysius S. Using a Pharmacy-Based Surveillance System to Improve Standards for TB Care in Kerala, India. Glob Health Sci Pract. 2021 Dec 21;9(4):846-854. doi: 10.9745/GHSP-D-21-00346. PMID: 34933980; PMCID: PMC8691886.
4. Rakesh PS*, Balakrishnan S, Jayasankar S, Asokan RV. TB management by private practitioners - Is it bad everywhere? Indian J Tuberc. 2016 Oct;63(4):251-254. doi: 10.1016/j.ijtb.2016.09.009. Epub 2016 Nov 22. PMID: 27998498.
5. Rakesh PS*, Nair S, Kamala R, Manu MS, Mrithunjayan SK, Valamparampil MJ, Kutty VR, Sadanandan R. Local government stewardship for TB elimination in Kerala, India. Public Health Action. 2023 Mar 21;13(Suppl 1):44-50. doi: 10.5588/pha.22.0037. PMID: 36949740; PMCID: PMC9983805.
6. Balakrishnan S, PS Rakesh*, M S, Sankar B, Ramachandran R, Ka A, Gopi R, Nair P. STEPS: A Solution for Ensuring Standards of TB Care for Patients Reaching Private Hospitals in India. Glob Health Sci Pract. 2021 Jun 30;9(2):286-295. doi: 10.9745/GHSP-D-20-00449. PMID: 34038380; PMCID: PMC8324185.
7. Balakrishnan SK, Rakesh PS*, Mrithyunjayan S, Mathew ME, Varghese S, Chenayil S, Aloysius S, Prabhakaran T, Nair SA. Individuals' Vulnerability Based Active Surveillance for TB: Experiences from India. Trop Med Infect Dis. 2022 Dec 15;7(12):441. doi: 10.3390/tropicalmed7120441. PMID: 36548696; PMCID: PMC9781449
8. Miller R, Wafula F, Eman KU, Rakesh PS, Faleye BO, Duggan C, Sousa Pinto G, Heitkamp P, Rana N, Klinton JS, Sulis G, Oga-Omenka C, Pai M. Pharmacy engagement in TB prevention and care: not if, but how? BMJ Glob Health. 2023 Jul;8(7):e013104. doi: 10.1136/bmjgh-2023-013104. PMID: 37474278; PMCID: PMC10360412.
9. Khobragade RN, Murthy N, Aloysius S, Surendran D, Rakesh PS*, Balakrishnan S. Experience of integrated screening and testing for TB and COVID19 from Kerala, India. Public Health Pract (Oxf). 2021 Nov;2:100198. doi: 10.1016/j.puhip.2021.100198. Epub 2021 Oct 2. PMID: 34632434; PMCID: PMC8486580.
10. Khobragade RN, Kelkar RU, Sunilkumar M, Cency B, Murthy N, Surendran D, Rakesh PS*, Balakrishnan S. Health system resilience: Ensuring TB services during COVID-19 pandemic in Kerala, India. Indian J Tuberc. 2022 Oct;69(4):427-431. doi: 10.1016/j.ijtb.2021.10.004. Epub 2021 Oct 13. PMID: 36460371; PMCID: PMC8511626.
11. Kumar MS, Surendran D, Manu MS, Rakesh PS*, Balakrishnan S. Mortality due to TB-COVID-19 coinfection in India. Int J Tuberc Lung Dis. 2021 Mar 1;25(3):250-251. doi: 10.5588/ijtld.20.0947. PMID: 33688819.
12. Suseela RP*, Shannawaz M. Engaging the Private Health Service Delivery Sector for TB Care in India-Miles to Go! Trop Med Infect Dis. 2023 May 4;8(5):265. doi: 10.3390/tropicalmed8050265. PMID: 37235313; PMCID: PMC10222514.
13. Nair P, James PT, Kunoor A, Rakesh PS*. How we ensured 100% TB notification: experiences from a private tertiary care hospital in India. Public Health Action. 2017 Jun 21;7(2):179-180. doi: 10.5588/pha.16.0128. PMID: 28695095; PMCID: PMC5493103.
14. George LS, Rakesh PS, Sunilkumar M, Vijayakumar K, Kunoor A, Kumar V A. TB patient support systems in Kerala: A qualitative analysis. Indian J Tuberc. 2021 Jan;68(1):9-15. doi: 10.1016/j.ijtb.2020.11.005. Epub 2020 Nov 7. PMID: 33641857.
15. Rakesh PS*, Balakrishnan S, Mathew ME, Mrithunjayan S, Manu MS. Population Attributable Risk of Tuberculosis Vulnerabilities in Kerala, India. Indian J Community Med. 2020 Jul-Sep;45(3):367-370. doi: 10.4103/ijcm.IJCM_336_19. Epub 2020 Sep 1. PMID: 33354021; PMCID: PMC7745824.
16. Balakrishnan S, Rakesh PS*, Viswanathan K, Nelson V, Simon S, Nair SA, Mathew ME, Sunilkumar M. Higher risk of developing active TB among adult diabetics exposed to TB during childhood: A study from Kerala, India. J Family Med Prim Care. 2019 Feb;8(2):695-700. doi: 10.4103/jfmpc.jfmpc_344_18. PMID: 30984697; PMCID: PMC6436278.
17. Lalu JS, Rakesh PS*, Leelamoni K. Prevalence of bronchial asthma and factors associated with it among higher secondary school children in Ernakulam district, Kerala, Southern India. J Family Med Prim Care. 2017 Apr-Jun;6(2):311-315. doi: 10.4103/2249-4863.220026. PMID: 29302539; PMCID: PMC5749078.
18. Balakrishnan S, Manikantan J, Sreenivas A, Jayasankar S, Sunilkumar M, Rakesh PS, Karthickeyan DS, Mohandas CR. Social inclusion: An effort to end loss-to-treatment follow-up in tuberculosis. Indian J Tuberc. 2015 Oct;62(4):230-4. doi: 10.1016/j.ijtb.2015.11.007. Epub 2016 Jan 23. PMID: 26970465.
19. Kunoor A, James PT, Raj M, Rajesh CT, Nair P, Rakesh PS*. Outcomes of patients treated with individualised anti-tuberculosis regimens in a tertiary care centre in India. Public Health Action. 2017 Dec 21;7(4):308. doi: 10.5588/pha.17.0062. PMID: 29344443; PMCID: PMC5753787.
20. Karthika M, Philip S, Prathibha MT, Varghese A, Rakesh PS. Why are people dying due to tuberculosis? A study from Alappuzha District, Kerala, India. Indian J Tuberc. 2019 Oct;66(4):443-447. doi: 10.1016/j.ijtb.2018.05.001. Epub 2018 May 18. PMID: 31813430.
21. Raj A, Ramakrishnan D, Thomas CRMT, Mavila AD, Rajiv M, Suseela RPB. Assessment of Health Facilities for Airborne Infection Control Practices and Adherence to National Airborne Infection Control Guidelines: A Study from Kerala, Southern India. Indian J Community Med. 2019 Oct;44(Suppl 1):S23-S26. doi: 10.4103/ijcm.IJCM_25_19. PMID: 31728084; PMCID: PMC6824168.
22. Sadanandan R, Rl S, Mrithunjayan S, Valamparambil MJ, Balakrishnan S, Suseela RP*. Ensuring TB Services During Major Floods - Kerala, India, August 2018. Disaster Med Public Health Prep. 2021 Apr;15(2):155-159. doi: 10.1017/dmp.2020.1. Epub 2020 Mar 18. PMID: 32183921.
23. Manu MS, Mehta K, Das M, Balakrishnan S, Sunil Kumar M, Rakesh PS, Sindhu MP, Valamparampil MJ, Neena PS, Satyanarayana S. Ocular adverse events in drug sensitive TB patients on daily fixed dose combination anti-TB drugs: A record review study from Kerala, India. Indian J Tuberc. 2020 Apr;67(2):216-221. doi: 10.1016/j.ijtb.2020.02.008. Epub 2020 Feb 28. PMID: 32553315.
24. Rakesh PS*, Balakrishnan S, Mrithunjayan S, Philip S. Decentralized Tuberculosis Surveillance for Advocacy, Local planning, and Action: A case study from Kerala, India. Indian J Community Med. 2022 Jan-Mar;47(1):149-150. doi: 10.4103/ijcm.ijcm_583_21. Epub 2022 Mar 16. PMID: 35368480; PMCID: PMC8971863.
25. Balakrishnan S, Rakesh PS*, Jayasankar S, Sunilkumar M, Krishnaveni V, Gopal B, Manu MS, Achuthan Nair S. Lung Health Care pilot project trims patient pill load and antibiotic prescription in primary health care settings in Kerala, India. Indian J Tuberc. 2020 Apr;67(2):202-207. doi: 10.1016/j.ijtb.2020.02.001. Epub 2020 Feb 17. PMID: 32553312.
26. Rakesh PS*, Balakrishnan S, Krishnaveni V, Narayanan V, Pillai S, Thomas SM. Patients' perception towards directly observed treatment - A qualitative study from Kollam district, Kerala, southern India. Indian J Tuberc. 2017 Apr;64(2):93-98. doi: 10.1016/j.ijtb.2016.11.007. Epub 2016 Dec 16. PMID: 28410705.
27. George LS, Rakesh PS, Vijayakumar K, Kunoor A, Kumar A. Social stigma associated with TB and HIV/AIDS among Kudumbashree members: A crosssectional study. J Family Med Prim Care. 2020 Aug 25;9(8):4062-4066. doi: 10.4103/jfmpc.jfmpc_437_20. PMID: 33110810; PMCID: PMC7586636.
28. Mohandas S, Francis PT, Rakesh PS, Libin Antony PF. Assessment of respiratory morbidity among bus drivers and conductors of the state road transport corporation, Kochi, Kerala. J Family Med Prim Care. 2019 Dec 10;8(12):3887-3892. doi: 10.4103/jfmpc.jfmpc_548_19. PMID: 31879631; PMCID: PMC6924213
29. Rakesh PS*. Prevalence of Anaemia in Kerala State, Southern India - A Systematic Review. J Clin Diagn Res. 2017 May;11(5):LE01-LE04. doi: 10.7860/JCDR/2017/24681.9951. Epub 2017 May 1. PMID: 28658816; PMCID: PMC5483718.
30. James PT, Kunoor A, Rakesh PS*. Awareness of health care workers, patients and visitors regarding air borne infection control - A descriptive study from a Tertiary Care Centre in Kerala, southern India. Indian J Tuberc. 2018 Apr;65(2):168-171. doi: 10.1016/j.ijtb.2017.08.028. Epub 2017 Sep 28. PMID: 29579433.
31. Nair S, Philip S, Varma RP, Rakesh PS*. Barriers for involvement of private doctors in RNTCP - Qualitative study from Kerala, India. J Family Med Prim Care. 2019 Jan;8(1):160-165. doi: 10.4103/jfmpc.jfmpc_208_18. PMID: 30911499; PMCID: PMC6396632.
32. Prabhu BP, Kunoor A, Sudhir S, Dutt A, Nampoothiri V, Rakesh PS*, Singh S, Menon VP. Anti-tuberculosis treatment stewardship in a private tertiary care hospital in South India. Public Health Action. 2018 Sep 21;8(3):151. doi: 10.5588/pha.18.0013. PMID: 30271733; PMCID: PMC6147062.
33. Viswanathan K, Rakesh PS*, Balakrishnan S, Shanavas A, Dharman V. Prevalence of chronic respiratory diseases from a rural area in Kerala, southern India. Indian J Tuberc. 2018 Jan;65(1):48-51. doi: 10.1016/j.ijtb.2017.01.010. Epub 2017 Feb 24. PMID: 29332648.
34. Balasubramnian A, Francis PT, Leelamoni K, Rakesh PS, Lalu JS. Diagnostic and treatment delay among new pulmonary tuberculosis patients in Southern India: A cross-sectional study. Indian J Public Health. 2022 Nov;66(Supplement):S60-S65. doi: 10.4103/ijph.ijph_1079_22. PMID: 36412476.
35. Mohan A, Indu PS, Nair S, Rakesh PS, Saradadevi KL, Rajahamsan J. Prevalence of Tuberculosis Infection among Adults of Thiruvananthapuram District of Kerala as Measured by Interferon Gamma Release Assay - A Cross-Sectional Study. Indian J Community Med. 2022 Oct-Dec;47(4):501-505. doi: 10.4103/ijcm.ijcm_1322_21. Epub 2022 Dec 14. PMID: 36742973; PMCID: PMC9891048.
36. Viswanathan K, Rakesh PS*, Balakrishnan S, Pradeep Kumar AS. Health benefits of Practical Approach to Lung health (PAL) experienced by patients with chronic respiratory diseases - Results from PAL pilot project in primary health care setting in Kerala, India. Indian J Tuberc. 2018 Jul;65(3):237-240. doi: 10.1016/j.ijtb.2016.11.008. Epub 2016 Dec 16. PMID: 29933866.
37. Menon JC, Rakesh PS*, John D, Thachathodiyl R, Banerjee A. What was right about Kerala's response to the COVID-19 pandemic? BMJ Glob Health. 2020 Jul;5(7):e003212. doi: 10.1136/bmjgh-2020-003212. PMID: 32718951; PMCID: PMC7392633.
38. Balasubramanian A, Nair SS, Rakesh PS*, Leelamoni K. Adherence to treatment among hypertensives of rural Kerala, India. J Family Med Prim Care. 2018 Jan- Feb;7(1):64-69. doi: 10.4103/jfmpc.jfmpc_423_16. PMID: 29915735; PMCID: PMC5958595.
39. Rakesh PS*, George LS, Joy TM, George S, Renjini BA, Beena KV. Anemia Among School Children in Ernakulam District, Kerala, India. Indian J Hematol Blood Transfus. 2019 Jan;35(1):114-118. doi: 10.1007/s12288-018-1001-6. Epub 2018 Aug 2. PMID: 30828157; PMCID: PMC6369096.
40. Rakesh PS, Renjini BA, Mohandas S, Menon J, Numpelil M, Sreedevi A, Vasudevan B. Hypertension in urban slums of southern India: Burden, awareness, health seeking, control and risk factor profile. Indian Heart J. 2023 Jul- Aug;75(4):258-262. doi: 10.1016/j.ihj.2023.06.004. Epub 2023 Jun 14. PMID: 37328137; PMCID: PMC10421987.
41. Rakesh PS*. Implementing the Epidemic Diseases Act to combat Covid-19 in India: An ethical analysis. Indian J Med Ethics. 2021 Jan-Mar;VI(1):1-10. doi: 10.20529/IJME.2020.129. PMID: 34080990.
42. Rakesh PS, Alex RG, Varghese GM, Mathew P, David T, Manipadam MT, Nair S, Abraham OC. Kikuchi-fujimoto disease: clinical and laboratory characteristics and outcome. J Glob Infect Dis. 2014 Oct;6(4):147-50. doi: 10.4103/0974-777X.145234. PMID: 25538452; PMCID: PMC4265829.
43. Joy TM, George S, Paul N, Renjini BA, Rakesh PS, Sreedevi A. Assessment of vaccine coverage and associated factors among children in urban agglomerations of Kochi, Kerala, India. J Family Med Prim Care. 2019 Jan;8(1):91-96. doi: 10.4103/jfmpc.jfmpc_276_18. PMID: 30911486; PMCID: PMC6396615.
44. Varghese SM, Sheeja AL, Samuel Johnson AK, Sushan A, Nandini CS, Chandy GM, Rakesh PS, Joseph MR, David A, Mathew G, Alexander P. Together let us confront it: An outbreak investigation of hepatitis B in Pathanamthitta district, Kerala. J Family Med Prim Care. 2021 Jun;10(6):2159-2165. doi: 10.4103/jfmpc.jfmpc_2343_20. Epub 2021 Jul 2. PMID: 34322407; PMCID: PMC8284225.
45. Raveendran S, Rakesh PS*, Dev S, Vijayakumar N, Prasannakumar P. Investigation of an Outbreak of Hepatitis A in a Coastal Area, Kerala, Southern India. J Prim Care Community Health. 2016 Oct;7(4):288-90. doi: 10.1177/2150131916647007. Epub 2016 May 4. PMID: 27257046; PMCID: PMC5932701.
46. Rakesh PS*, Mainu TTCR, Raj A, Babu D, Rajiv M, Mohandas KS, Das A, Balasubramanian A. Investigating a community wide outbreak of hepatitis A in Kerala, India. J Family Med Prim Care. 2018 Nov-Dec;7(6):1537-1541. doi: 10.4103/jfmpc.jfmpc_127_18. PMID: 30613555; PMCID: PMC6293930.
47. Rakesh PS*, Sherin D, Sankar H, Shaji M, Subhagan S, Salila S. Investigating a community-wide outbreak of hepatitis a in India. J Glob Infect Dis. 2014 Apr;6(2):59-64. doi: 10.4103/0974-777X.132040. PMID: 24926165; PMCID: PMC4049041.
48. Kumar YS, Rakesh PS, Kalyana-Chakravarthy P, Kumar SV. Relationship between Dental Caries Experience and Social Capital among Children - A Pilot Study. Indian J Community Med. 2019 Oct;44(Suppl 1):S3-S6. doi: 10.4103/ijcm.IJCM_11_19. PMID: 31728079; PMCID: PMC6824167.
49. Rakesh PS*, Narayanan V, Pillai SS, Retheesh R, Dev S. Investigation of an Outbreak of Acute Gastroenteritis in Kollam, Kerala, India. J Prim Care Community Health. 2016 Jul;7(3):204-6. doi: 10.1177/2150131916641286. Epub 2016 Apr 6. PMID: 27053229; PMCID: PMC5932685.
50. Tharakan LJ, Elencheral AL, Karthiga M, Kumaran V, Rakesh PS*, Gopichandran V, John J. Medical students' views on the migration of doctors: self-interest vs altruism. Indian J Med Ethics. 2012 Oct-Dec;9(4):249-51. doi: 10.20529/IJME.2012.084. PMID: 23099597.
51. Rakesh PS*. The Epidemic Diseases Act of 1897: public health relevance in the current scenario. Indian J Med Ethics. 2016 Jul-Sep;1(3):156-60. doi: 10.20529/IJME.2016.043. PMID: 27474696.
52. George H, Rakesh PS*, Krishna M, Alex R, Abraham VJ, George K, Prasad JH. Foot care knowledge and practices and the prevalence of peripheral neuropathy among people with diabetes attending a secondary care rural hospital in southern India. J Family Med Prim Care. 2013 Jan;2(1):27-32. doi: 10.4103/2249-4863.109938. PMID: 24479039; PMCID: PMC3894008.
53. Rakesh PS*, Retheesh R, Chandran R, Sadiq A, Ranjitha S. Out-of-pocket expenditure due to hepatitis A disease: A study from Kollam district, Kerala, India. Indian J Med Res. 2017 Sep;146(3):426-429. doi: 10.4103/ijmr.IJMR_275_16. PMID: 29355152; PMCID: PMC5793480.
54. Rakesh PS*, Lalu JS, Leelamoni K. Prevalence of Exposure to Secondhand Smoke among Higher Secondary School Students in Ernakulam District, Kerala, Southern India. J Pharm Bioallied Sci. 2017 Jan-Mar;9(1):44-47. doi: 10.4103/0975-7406.206220. PMID: 28584492; PMCID: PMC5450469.
55. Rajendran A, Kulirankal KG, Rakesh PS*, George S. Prevalence and Pattern of Antibiotic Self-Medication Practice in an Urban Population of Kerala, India: A Cross-sectional Study. Indian J Community Med. 2019 Oct;44(Suppl 1):S42-S45. doi: 10.4103/ijcm.IJCM_33_19. PMID: 31728089; PMCID: PMC6824172.
56. Menon JC, John D, Menon GR, Joseph JK, Suseela PR, Pillay VV, Banerjee A. Estimating epidemiological and economic burden and community derived disability weights for snake bite in Kerala: a study protocol. F1000Res. 2021 Mar 1;10:167. doi: 10.12688/f1000research.50970.2. PMID: 34316357; PMCID: PMC8278250.
57. Jegaraj KA, Saurabh RS, Rakesh PS. Spider bite from South India. J Postgrad Med. 2014 Apr-Jun;60(2):216-7. doi: 10.4103/0022-3859.132377. PMID: 24823536.
58. Prasad JD, Varghese AK, Jamkhandi D, Chakraborty A, Rakesh PS, Abraham VJ. Quality-of-Life among Elderly with Untreated Fracture of Neck of Femur: A Community Based Study from Southern India. J Family Med Prim Care. 2013 Jul;2(3):270-3. doi: 10.4103/2249-4863.120755. PMID: 24479096; PMCID: PMC3902685.
59. Menon J, Numpeli M, Kunjan SP, Karimbuvayilil BV, Sreedevi A, Panniyamakkal J, Suseela RP, Thachathodiyil R, Banerjee A. A Sustainable Community-Based Model of Noncommunicable Disease Risk Factor Surveillance (Shraddha-Jagrithi Project): Protocol for a Cohort Study. JMIR Res Protoc. 2021 Oct 22;10(10):e27299. doi: 10.2196/27299. PMID: 34677141; PMCID: PMC8571687.
60. Rakesh PS*, Gopichandran V, Jamkhandi D, Manjunath K, George K, Prasad J. Determinants of postpartum anemia among women from a rural population in southern India. Int J Womens Health. 2014 Apr 11;6:395-400. doi: 10.2147/IJWH.S58355. PMID: 24748821; PMCID: PMC3990363.
61. Rakesh PS*, Ramesh R, Rachel P, Chanda R, Satish N, Mohan VR. Quality of life among people with epilepsy: a cross-sectional study from rural southern India. Natl Med J India. 2012 Sep-Oct;25(5):261-4. PMID: 23448623.
62. Manjunath K, Christopher P, Gopichandran V, Rakesh PS*, George K, Prasad JH. Quality of life of a patient with type 2 diabetes: a cross-sectional study in rural South India. J Family Med Prim Care. 2014 Oct-Dec;3(4):396-9. doi: 10.4103/2249-4863.148124. PMID: 25657951; PMCID: PMC4311350.
63. Kurien AJ, Rejiv A, Premarajan A, Renjini BA, Rakesh PS*. Breakfast-eating habits of school-going adolescents in Kochi, Kerala, India. Natl Med J India. 2018 May-Jun;31(3):188. doi: 10.4103/0970-258X.255771. PMID: 31044773.
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65. Premnazir L, Nair AS, Suji S, Das AM, Divyamol S, Rakesh PS*. Geriatric club attached to a primary care hospital as an effort to physically, socially, and mentally engage elderly: A case study from Kerala, India. J Family Med Prim Care. 2018 Nov-Dec;7(6):1476-1481. doi: 10.4103/jfmpc.jfmpc_172_18. PMID: 30613545; PMCID: PMC6293958.
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67. Rakesh PS*, Sherin D, Hari S, Subhagan S, Shaji M, Salila K. Horizontal transmission of hepatitis B virus among adults in a rural village in Kollam district, southern India. Trop Gastroenterol. 2014 Oct-Dec;35(4):232-7. PMID: 26349168.
68. Rakesh PS*, Thiagesan R, Ramachandran R. A point source outbreak of acute gastroenteritis among school students in Kerala, India. Indian J Public Health. 2017 Oct-Dec;61(4):302-304. doi: 10.4103/ijph.IJPH_431_16. PMID: 29219139.
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70. Ashwin M, Rakesh PS*, Pricilla RA, Manjunath K, Jacob K, Prasad J. Determinants of quality of life among people with epilepsy attending a secondary care rural hospital in south India. J Neurosci Rural Pract. 2013 Aug;4(Suppl 1):S62-6. doi: 10.4103/0976-3147.116467. PMID: 24174803; PMCID: PMC3808065.
71. Chakraborty A, Rakesh PS*, Kumaran V, Prasad J, Alexander AM, George K. Risk of developing adulthood obesity among females born with low birth weight: Results from a non-concurrent study from rural Southern India. Indian J Endocrinol Metab. 2014 May;18(3):414-8. doi: 10.4103/2230-8210.131214. PMID: 24944941; PMCID: PMC4056145.
72. Jacob J, Minz B, Rakesh PS*, Rajamani I. Responding to Domestic Violence in Clinical Practice: Are we Equipped Enough? J Family Med Prim Care. 2014 Jan;3(1):89-90. doi: 10.4103/2249-4863.130337. PMID: 24791248; PMCID: PMC4005213.
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*Corresponding author
1. Dr Rajan N Khobragade IAS, Principal Secretary (Health) to Government, Kerala pskeralahealth@gmail.com
2. Dr Sreenivas A Nair, Regional Advisor, Stop TB Partnership, Genva sreenivasn@stoptb.org